Slippery Elm Bark Powder

Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 454g
Item #: C.658
UPC: 628240006585

Ingredients

Wildcrafted Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)

Extra Information

Brand:
Organic Connections
Item #:
C.658
UPC:
628240006585
Herb:
Slippery Elm
Designation:
Ethically Wildcrafted
Kosher:
Kosher Certified by KSA
Caffeine Content:
No Caffeine
Net Content:
454 g (1 lb)
Plant Part:
Bark
Cut:
Powder
Process:
N/A
Format:
Bulk
Ingredients:
Wildcrafted Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
{"add_this":[{"service":"","annotation":""}],"warranty":"","gtin":null,"id":837,"available_to_sell":48,"can_purchase":false,"meta_description":"","AddThisServiceButtonMeta":"","add_to_wishlist_url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fwishlist.php?action=add&product_id=837","num_reviews":0,"weight":"1.00 LBS","custom_fields":[{"id":"3822","name":"Herb","value":"Slippery Elm"},{"id":"3823","name":"Designation","value":"Ethically Wildcrafted"},{"id":"3824","name":"Kosher","value":"Kosher Certified by KSA"},{"id":"3825","name":"Caffeine Content","value":"No Caffeine"},{"id":"3826","name":"Net Content","value":"454 g (1 lb)"},{"id":"6308","name":"Plant Part","value":"Bark"},{"id":"6309","name":"Cut","value":"Powder"},{"id":"6310","name":"Process","value":"N\u002fA"},{"id":"6311","name":"Format","value":"Bulk"},{"id":"9606","name":"Ingredients","value":"Wildcrafted Slippery Elm (\u003ci\u003eUlmus rubra\u003c\u002fi\u003e)"}],"sku":"C.658","backorder_availability_prompt":"","url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fslippery-elm-bulk-wildcrafted\u002f","description":"\u003cstrong\u003eIngredients:\u003c\u002fstrong\u003e\u003cbr \u002f\u003eWildcrafted Slippery Elm (\u003ci\u003eUlmus rubra\u003c\u002fi\u003e)\u003cbr \u002f\u003e\u003cbr \u002f\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eMade with pure, wildcrafted slippery elm bark\u003c\u002fb\u003e — no fillers, no additives, just the naturally soothing inner bark. Revered in traditional herbal practices, this gentle botanical supports digestive comfort, throat relief, and overall wellness. A trusted ally for calm and resilience from the inside out.\u003c\u002fli\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrganic Ingredients Only\u003c\u002fb\u003e – No anti-caking agents, preservatives, or MSG—just vibrant, uncompromised flavour in every pinch. Our generous quantity and freshness-preserving packaging are designed to last the year it typically takes a home cook to enjoy it all.\u003c\u002fli\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eEcology first\u003c\u002fb\u003e – packaged in a #2 recyclable, resealable stand-up pouch developed over 5 years. Our pouch preserves freshness and passes long-term shelf life studies—balancing sustainability with performance. Our excellent oxygen barrier keeps herbs fresh for up to 3 years. Store away from heat and direct sunlight in a cool, dry place to preserve your investment.\u003c\u002fli\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily Company\u003c\u002fb\u003e – A Canadian, family-owned and operated business that pays a living wage. Backed by decades of herbal expertise, we offer artisanal quality, strong ethics, and fair pricing.\u003c\u002fli\u003e\u003c\u002ful\u003e","show_backorder_message":false,"tags":[],"detail_messages":"","availability":"","page_title":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 1 LB","default_shipping_expectation_prompt":"","height":"8.86","show_backorder_availability_prompt":false,"max_purchase_quantity":0,"show_quantity_on_hand":false,"show_default_shipping_expectation_prompt":false,"show_quantity_on_backorder":false,"brand":{"name":"Organic Connections","url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002forganic-connections\u002f"},"attributes":[],"mpn":"C.658","upc":"628240006585","options":[],"related_products":[{"id":730,"sku":"C.2820","name":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Bulk ~ Organic ~ 454g","url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fslippery-elm-bulk-organic\u002f","availability":"","rating":null,"brand":{"name":"Organic Connections"},"category":["Shop by Ingredient\u002fS\u002fSlippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)","Herbs & Spices\u002fSingle Ingredient\u002fLarger Bulk 0.5lb+ (C#)"],"summary":"Ingredients:Organic Slippery Elm Bark (Ulmus rubra)Made with pure, organic slippery elm bark — no fillers, no additives, just the soothing, mucilage-rich botanical. Revered for its gentle, protective...","image":{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f730\u002f4271\u002fC___17156.1785944761.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Bulk ~ Organic ~ 454g"},"images":[{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f730\u002f4271\u002fC___17156.1785944761.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Bulk ~ Organic ~ 454g"}],"date_added":"2025 Sep 19th","pre_order":false,"show_cart_action":false,"has_options":false,"stock_level":71,"low_stock_level":16,"qty_in_cart":0,"custom_fields":[{"id":3255,"name":"Herb","value":"Slippery Elm"},{"id":3256,"name":"Designation","value":"Absolutely Organic"},{"id":3257,"name":"Kosher","value":"Kosher Certified by KSA"},{"id":3258,"name":"Caffeine Content","value":"No Caffeine"},{"id":3259,"name":"Net Content","value":"454 g (1 lb)"},{"id":5704,"name":"Plant Part","value":"Bark"},{"id":5705,"name":"Cut","value":"Powder"},{"id":5706,"name":"Process","value":"N\u002fA"},{"id":5707,"name":"Format","value":"Bulk"},{"id":9442,"name":"Ingredients","value":"Organic Slippery Elm Bark (\u003ci\u003eUlmus rubra\u003c\u002fi\u003e)"}],"num_reviews":null,"weight":{"formatted":"1.00 LBS","value":1.000898670319344},"demo":false,"add_to_wishlist_url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fwishlist.php?action=add&product_id=730"},{"id":934,"sku":"C.2905","name":"Slippery Elm Bark Cut & Sifted ~ Bulk ~ Organic ~ 454g","url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fslippery-elm-bulk-organic-c-s\u002f","availability":"","rating":null,"brand":{"name":"Organic Connections"},"category":["Shop by Ingredient\u002fS\u002fSlippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)","Herbs & Spices\u002fSingle Ingredient\u002fLarger Bulk 0.5lb+ (C#)"],"summary":"Ingredients:Organic Slippery Elm Bark (Ulmus rubra)Made with pure, organic slippery elm bark — no fillers, no additives, just the soothing, mucilage-rich botanical. Revered for its gentle, protective...","image":{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f934\u002f4185\u002fC___33538.1785942753.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Cut & Sifted ~ Bulk ~ Organic ~ 454g"},"images":[{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f934\u002f4185\u002fC___33538.1785942753.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Cut & Sifted ~ Bulk ~ Organic ~ 454g"}],"date_added":"2025 Sep 19th","pre_order":false,"show_cart_action":false,"has_options":false,"stock_level":12,"low_stock_level":2,"qty_in_cart":0,"custom_fields":[{"id":4316,"name":"Herb","value":"Slippery Elm"},{"id":4317,"name":"Designation","value":"Absolutely Organic"},{"id":4318,"name":"Kosher","value":"Kosher Certified by KSA"},{"id":4319,"name":"Caffeine Content","value":"No Caffeine"},{"id":4320,"name":"Net Content","value":"454 g (1 lb)"},{"id":5748,"name":"Plant Part","value":"Bark"},{"id":5749,"name":"Cut","value":"C\u002fS"},{"id":5750,"name":"Process","value":"N\u002fA"},{"id":5751,"name":"Format","value":"Bulk"},{"id":9454,"name":"Ingredients","value":"Organic Slippery Elm Bark (\u003ci\u003eUlmus rubra\u003c\u002fi\u003e)"}],"num_reviews":null,"weight":{"formatted":"1.00 LBS","value":1.000898670319344},"demo":false,"add_to_wishlist_url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fwishlist.php?action=add&product_id=934"},{"id":910,"sku":"C.659","name":"Slippery Elm Bark Cut & Sifted ~ Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 454g","url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fslippery-elm-bulk-wildcrafted-c-s\u002f","availability":"","rating":null,"brand":{"name":"Organic Connections"},"category":["Shop by Ingredient\u002fS\u002fSlippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)","Herbs & Spices\u002fSingle Ingredient\u002fLarger Bulk 0.5lb+ (C#)"],"summary":"Ingredients:Wildcrafted Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)Made with pure, wildcrafted slippery elm bark — no fillers, no additives, just the naturally soothing inner bark. Revered in traditional herbal...","image":{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f910\u002f4171\u002fC___68295.1785941948.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Cut & Sifted ~ Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 454g"},"images":[{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f910\u002f4171\u002fC___68295.1785941948.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Cut & Sifted ~ Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 454g"}],"date_added":"2025 Sep 19th","pre_order":false,"show_cart_action":false,"has_options":false,"stock_level":0,"low_stock_level":2,"qty_in_cart":0,"custom_fields":[{"id":4193,"name":"Herb","value":"Slippery Elm"},{"id":4194,"name":"Designation","value":"Ethically Wildcrafted"},{"id":4195,"name":"Kosher","value":"Kosher Certified by KSA"},{"id":4196,"name":"Caffeine Content","value":"No Caffeine"},{"id":4197,"name":"Net Content","value":"454 g (1 lb)"},{"id":6312,"name":"Plant Part","value":"Bark"},{"id":6313,"name":"Cut","value":"C\u002fS"},{"id":6314,"name":"Process","value":"N\u002fA"},{"id":6315,"name":"Format","value":"Bulk"},{"id":9607,"name":"Ingredients","value":"Wildcrafted Slippery Elm (\u003ci\u003eUlmus rubra\u003c\u002fi\u003e)"}],"num_reviews":null,"weight":{"formatted":"1.00 LBS","value":1.000898670319344},"demo":false,"add_to_wishlist_url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fwishlist.php?action=add&product_id=910"},{"id":484,"sku":"P.2820","name":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Retail Pack Bulk ~ Organic ~ 125g","url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002focpak-slippery-elm-bark-powder-org-125g\u002f","availability":"","rating":null,"brand":{"name":"Organic Connections"},"category":["Shop by Ingredient\u002fS\u002fSlippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)","Herbs & Spices\u002fSingle Ingredient\u002fRetail Pack Bulk (P#)"],"summary":"Slippery Elm is native to eastern North America - also called red elm due to its reddish-brown heartwood. The inner bark was food for the Indigenous North Americans, and an important part of their...","image":{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f484\u002f3506\u002f628240328205.MAIN__51780.1778097179.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Retail Pack Bulk ~ Organic ~ 125g"},"images":[{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f484\u002f3506\u002f628240328205.MAIN__51780.1778097179.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Retail Pack Bulk ~ Organic ~ 125g"},{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f484\u002f3507\u002f628240328205.BACK__37619.1778097179.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Retail Pack Bulk ~ Organic ~ 125g"}],"date_added":"2025 Sep 3rd","pre_order":false,"show_cart_action":false,"has_options":false,"stock_level":81,"low_stock_level":5,"qty_in_cart":0,"custom_fields":[{"id":1966,"name":"Herb","value":"Slippery Elm"},{"id":1967,"name":"Designation","value":"Absolutely Organic"},{"id":1968,"name":"Kosher","value":"Kosher Certified by KSA"},{"id":1969,"name":"Caffeine Content","value":"No Caffeine"},{"id":1970,"name":"Net Content","value":"125 g"},{"id":6907,"name":"Plant Part","value":"Bark"},{"id":6908,"name":"Cut","value":"Powder"},{"id":6909,"name":"Process","value":"N\u002fA"},{"id":6910,"name":"Format","value":"Retail Pack Bulk"},{"id":8809,"name":"Ingredients","value":"Organic Slippery Elm Bark Powder (\u003ci\u003eUlmus rubra\u003c\u002fi\u003e)"}],"num_reviews":null,"weight":{"formatted":"0.28 LBS","value":0.27557782773109696},"demo":false,"add_to_wishlist_url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fwishlist.php?action=add&product_id=484"},{"id":1198,"sku":"P.658","name":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Retail Pack Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 90g","url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002focpak-slippery-elm-bark-powder-wc-90g\u002f","availability":"","rating":null,"brand":{"name":"Organic Connections"},"category":["Herbs & Spices\u002fSingle Ingredient\u002fRetail Pack Bulk (P#)","Shop by Ingredient\u002fS\u002fSlippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)"],"summary":"","image":{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f1198\u002f4329\u002fC___93941.1785945694.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Retail Pack Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 90g"},"images":[{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f1198\u002f4329\u002fC___93941.1785945694.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Retail Pack Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 90g"}],"date_added":"2026 Apr 29th","pre_order":false,"show_cart_action":false,"has_options":false,"stock_level":95,"low_stock_level":2,"qty_in_cart":0,"custom_fields":[{"id":10836,"name":"Herb","value":"Slippery Elm"},{"id":10837,"name":"Designation","value":"Ethically Wildcrafted"},{"id":10838,"name":"Ingredients","value":"N\u002fA"},{"id":10839,"name":"Kosher","value":"Kosher Certified by KSA"},{"id":10840,"name":"Caffeine Content","value":"No Caffeine"},{"id":10841,"name":"Plant Part","value":"Bark"},{"id":10842,"name":"Cut","value":"Powder"},{"id":10843,"name":"Process","value":"N\u002fA"},{"id":10844,"name":"Net Content","value":"90 g"},{"id":10845,"name":"Format","value":"Retail Pack Bulk"}],"num_reviews":null,"weight":{"formatted":"0.20 LBS","value":0.19841603596638982},"demo":false,"add_to_wishlist_url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fwishlist.php?action=add&product_id=1198"},{"id":295,"sku":"T684","name":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Loosepack Tea ~ Organic ~ 40g","url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fslippery-elm-bark-loosepack-tea-organic\u002f","availability":"","rating":null,"brand":{"name":"Celebration Herbals"},"category":["Shop by Ingredient\u002fS\u002fSlippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)","Teas\u002fHerbal Teas\u002fCelebration Herbals (Loosepack)"],"summary":"Slippery Elm comes from the inner\rbark of the Red Elm tree, native to\rNorth America. Indigenous peoples\rvalued it, and settlers adopted it for\rmany uses: it seasoned game, preserved\rfoods, extended...","image":{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f295\u002f3538\u002fMAIN__19382.1778179674.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Loosepack Tea ~ Organic ~ 40g"},"images":[{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f295\u002f3538\u002fMAIN__19382.1778179674.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Loosepack Tea ~ Organic ~ 40g"},{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f295\u002f949\u002f628240206848.PT01__18183.1767641771.jpg?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Loosepack Tea ~ Organic ~ 40g"}],"date_added":"2025 Sep 2nd","pre_order":false,"show_cart_action":false,"has_options":false,"stock_level":703,"low_stock_level":106,"qty_in_cart":0,"custom_fields":[{"id":1023,"name":"Herb","value":"Slippery Elm"},{"id":1024,"name":"Designation","value":"Absolutely Organic"},{"id":1025,"name":"Ingredients","value":"Organic Slippery Elm Inner Bark (\u003ci\u003eUlmus rubra\u003c\u002fi\u003e)"},{"id":1027,"name":"Kosher","value":"Kosher Certified by KSA"},{"id":1029,"name":"Caffeine Content","value":"No Caffeine"},{"id":1031,"name":"Net Content","value":"40 g"},{"id":8440,"name":"Plant Part","value":"Bark"},{"id":8441,"name":"Cut","value":"Powder"},{"id":8442,"name":"Process","value":"N\u002fA"},{"id":8443,"name":"Format","value":"Loosepack Tea"}],"num_reviews":null,"weight":{"formatted":"0.09 LBS","value":0.08818490487395103},"demo":false,"add_to_wishlist_url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fwishlist.php?action=add&product_id=295"},{"id":300,"sku":"T784","name":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Loosepack Tea ~ Wildcrafted ~ 65g","url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fwc-chtea-slippery-elm-wc-lp\u002f","availability":"","rating":null,"brand":{"name":"Celebration Herbals"},"category":["Shop by Ingredient\u002fS\u002fSlippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)","Teas\u002fHerbal Teas\u002fCelebration Herbals (Loosepack)"],"summary":"Slippery Elm comes from the inner\rbark of the Red Elm tree, native to\rNorth America. Indigenous peoples\rvalued it, and settlers adopted it for\rmany uses: it seasoned game, preserved\rfoods, extended...","image":{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f300\u002f3553\u002fMAIN__83117.1778180257.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Loosepack Tea ~ Wildcrafted ~ 65g"},"images":[{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f300\u002f3553\u002fMAIN__83117.1778180257.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Loosepack Tea ~ Wildcrafted ~ 65g"},{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f300\u002f952\u002f628240207845.PT01__72600.1756992271.jpg?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Loosepack Tea ~ Wildcrafted ~ 65g"}],"date_added":"2025 Sep 2nd","pre_order":false,"show_cart_action":false,"has_options":false,"stock_level":176,"low_stock_level":41,"qty_in_cart":0,"custom_fields":[{"id":511,"name":"Herb","value":"Slippery Elm"},{"id":512,"name":"Designation","value":"Ethically Wildcrafted"},{"id":514,"name":"Ingredients","value":"Organic Slippery Elm Inner Bark (\u003ci\u003eUlmus rubra\u003c\u002fi\u003e)"},{"id":516,"name":"Kosher","value":"Kosher Certified by KSA"},{"id":519,"name":"Caffeine Content","value":"No Caffeine"},{"id":521,"name":"Net Content","value":"65 g"},{"id":8469,"name":"Plant Part","value":"Bark"},{"id":8470,"name":"Cut","value":"Powder"},{"id":8471,"name":"Process","value":"N\u002fA"},{"id":8472,"name":"Format","value":"Loosepack Tea"}],"num_reviews":null,"weight":{"formatted":"0.14 LBS","value":0.1433004704201704},"demo":false,"add_to_wishlist_url":"https:\u002f\u002forganic-connections.ca\u002fwishlist.php?action=add&product_id=300"}],"shipping_messages":[],"rating":0,"stock_level":"48","category":["Shop by Ingredient\u002fS\u002fSlippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)","Herbs & Spices\u002fSingle Ingredient\u002fLarger Bulk 0.5lb+ (C#)"],"meta_keywords":"","depth":"7.48","title":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 454g","gift_wrapping_available":false,"min_purchase_quantity":0,"customizations":[],"images":[{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f837\u002f4221\u002fC___66423.1785943644.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 454g"}],"width":"3.54","low_stock_level":"5","main_image":{"data":"https:\u002f\u002fcdn11.bigcommerce.com\u002fs-udupedwpfg\u002fimages\u002fstencil\u002f{:size}\u002fproducts\u002f837\u002f4221\u002fC___66423.1785943644.png?c=1","alt":"Slippery Elm Bark Powder ~ Bulk ~ Wildcrafted ~ 454g"}}